[Problems of early detection of HIV infection, medical and psychological support of HIV-infected soldiers].

The article contains the analysis of materials about HIV infection and the status of work on its early detection among soldiers. Currently, the figures have a tendency to stabilization, but there is an increase in the persantage of HIV-infected persons performing military service under the contract, as well as the actualization sexual way of infection. The insufficient effectiveness of the barrier screening during the laboratory examination of recruits may contribute the increase in the incidence of HIV infection. Have been reviewed the questions medical-diagnostic and medical-psychological support of HIV-infected soldiers. Been analyzed the social consequences of delays in seeking medical help of patients in this group, the opportunities and challenges of their dispensary observation. It was noted that early detection of HIV infection and proper medical and psychological support in the dynamics of pathological process helps to reduce the number of new cases and improve their outcomes and to reduce the period of efficiency recovery of military personnel.

[Peculiarities of bronchopulmonary pathology in HIV-patients].

The causes of hospitalization of HIV-infected patients during of medical treatment in a multidisciplinary health care setting (Military Medical Academy) are analyzed. Leading causes of death in medical institutions among patients with HIV are diseases, which are not associated with HIV infection: burns, combined injuries, toxic substances poisoning. It was found that HIV infection worsens prognosis for patients hospitalized with respiratory diseases and leads to earlier development of nosocomial infections, exacerbation of bronchopulmonary diseases and short-term mortality.

[Quality of diagnosis and prophylaxis of HIV-infection in military clinical institutions and related problems in training medical personnel].

The analysis of results of laboratorial diagnostics of HIV-infection in multiprofile treatment institute of the Ministry of Defense of RF, questioning of medical staff on the questions of diagnostics and treatment of HIV-infection discovered several disadvantages in the system of training of the physicians in this sphere. Insufficient level of knowledge of practical aspects of HIV-infection causes baseless quantity of screening laboratorial tests (up to 70%). It leads to grand material inputs of the Ministry of Defense of RF. The authors propose an elaborated guidance manual for teachers, attending physicians and students of academies on studying questions of HIV-infection, based on the principle of "transparent study", on broad engaging of different departments to the process of teaching, on consideration of profiles of cycles of studying, of levels of adoption, types of lessons, volume of study time.

[HIV-infection as a risk factor of professional contamination of the military medical hospital personnel].

In Military-medical academy named by Kirov S.M., 857 HIV-infectioned patients were treated. The most part of them required in reanimation and surgical treatment, at 25.6% of patients the HIV-infection was registered in stage AIDS. More than half of cases of diseases are registered for the first time. 51.1% of patients knew about their HIV-positive status, but only 16% of patients have informed doctors. Interrogation of experts shows their low epidemiological vigilance. By calculations, registration of medical traumas occurs on the average in 7.4% of cases. There is a risk professional infection. There were defined the directions of decrease of risk of professional traumatism and infection with haemocontact infections. The algorithm of emergency chemoprophylaxis of the HIV-infection in military-medical establishment is offered.

[Clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV-infection in servicemen].

HIV-infection in Russia and its Armed Forces is a serious threat to the national health and country's safety. Study of peculiarities of disease spread in the military collectives and HIV-infection manifestation is an actual problem. HIV-infection is diagnosed during the latent stage in all categories of servicemen and characterized by unchanged function of cellular and humoral immunity. In most servicemen with HIV-infection the disease course has a form of co-infection with parenteral hepatitis B and C.

[Evaluation of the functional state and working capacity of patients with chronic toxoplasmosis]. / Otsenka funktsional'nogo sostoianiia i rabotosposobnosti bol'nykh khronicheskim toksoplazmozom.

Operator's main functions were studied in 78 patients with chronic toxoplasmosis during the period of disease aggravation and during the following 6 months. It was revealed that marked disorders in higher nervous activity and psychomotor system are observed in the patients during the period of aggravation, significantly more expressed during disease recurring course. It is reasonable to examine servicemen with chronic toxoplasmosis using psychologic and psychophysiologic methods before treatment and in 6 months after its completion. Without clear tendency towards improvement of professionally significant qualities in 6 months after treatment (level of neurotization, psychopathyzation, comparative number of mistakes in attention test and during reckon in head, delayed memory, positive tapping-test) it is not recommended to use servicemen at the posts having operator's profile and connected with long staying in secluded small collectives.

[Early clinical and laboratory diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis]. / Ranniaia kliniko-laboratornaia diagnostika psevdotuberkuleza.

As shown by the examination of 188 patients with suspected pseudotuberculosis, the latter produces a greater total of clinical manifestations than any other nosological entities differentiated from it. Conventional (retrospective) techniques of laboratory diagnosis (bacteriological ones, indirect hemagglutination) confirmed the diagnosis in 76.1% of the cases against 93.1% under new rapid techniques of seroindication (enzyme immunoassay and antibody neutralization). Moreover, the diagnosis with new techniques can be managed earlier. The overall assessment of clinical symptoms and techniques of seroindication allow early administration of valid treatment thus avoiding recurrences and complications of pseudotuberculosis.

[A study of the efficacy of new methods of laboratory diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti nekotorykh novykh metodov laboratornoi diagnostiki psevdotuberkuleza.

A total of 188 patients with sporadic pseudotuberculosis were examined with the use of new rapid methods for serologic indication, i.e. enzyme immunoassay, antibody neutralization test. Combined examinations of the patients' blood serum, urine, saliva, and coprofiltrate samples have detected Y. pseudotuberculosis (serologic variant 1) antigens in 175 (93.1%) patients. Coprofiltrate and saliva examinations were found the most effective if carried out over the febrile period and 5 days after it. The methods' efficacies were still high when the patients were examined during disease recurrence. Enzyme immunoassay has proved to be the most sensitive and specific technique.